Filing Flows › Companies › Southern › Analysis traps
Southern (SO): analysis traps
Where its figures could mislead a reader, and what to check before taking them at face value · Data: Q3 2026, to Sep 30, 2026, filed Nov 5, 2026; rules v1.1
Southern (SO): 1 rule of 10 triggered on the filings to Sep 30, 2026: low net debt = no refinancing risk. 1 to review; 2 with insufficient data; 2 not applicable. Each is a question to verify, with the normal explanation that would produce the same figures.
Check these first
Low net debt = no refinancing risk Triggered · severity high · confidence medium
$6.2B of debt comes due within a year against $981M of cash and investments and no free cash flow to add: $5.2B short, to be refinanced or raised. Net debt of $73.5B says nothing about when the debt falls due.
Innocent reading: A committed, undrawn credit facility covers the gap (not visible in the balance sheet).
A precise DCF value = the true value To review · confidence high
The DCF's point value is 60.84 a share (price 93.34); 98% of it is the terminal value, a number about years no one has seen. Moving wacc by ±1 pt alone takes it from 27.55 to 122.58; across every method the research ran the range is -43 to 309. The value is a range; the decimals are not information.
Innocent reading: A stable, mature business with a narrow range of outcomes, where the point value is a fair summary.
Every rule
A01 FCF growth = the business improved Not triggered confidence high
Free cash flow did not rise ($833M → −$2.9B): the trap does not arise.
The figures and how they are read
| Fiscal year before | FY2024 |
| Fiscal year | FY2025 |
| Operating cash flow, year before | $9.8B |
| Operating cash flow | $9.8B |
| Capex, year before | $9.0B |
| Capex | $12.7B |
| Free cash flow, year before | $833M |
| Free cash flow | −$2.9B |
| Change in FCF | −$3.8B |
| Change in capex | $3.8B |
| Working capital: change in its cash contribution | −$698M |
FCF = operating cash flow − cash capex; ΔFCF = ΔOCF − ΔCapEx; the working-capital part is the change in the cash-bridge items (receivables, inventory, payables, accruals), with the sign of the cash flow statement
Source: FY2025 (cash flow statement, fiscal year) · FY2024 (cash flow statement, fiscal year before)
A07 Stock compensation added back = no economic cost Insufficient data
fewer than two fiscal years of stock compensation and share counts on file
B02 Receivables growing = future cash is certain Not triggered confidence medium
Receivables grew 3% against revenue 8% in Q1 2026; DSO 33 against a median of 40: collections are keeping pace with sales.
The figures and how they are read
| Quarter | Q1 2026 |
| Revenue, year over year | +8.0% |
| Receivables, year over year | +2.6% |
| Quarter before | Q4 2025 |
| Revenue y/y, quarter before | +10.1% |
| Receivables y/y, quarter before | +3.0% |
| Days sales outstanding | 33.3 |
| DSO, median of eight quarters | 39.9 |
| Receivables | $3.1B |
| Revenue | $8.4B |
receivables and revenue against the same quarter a year earlier; DSO = receivables / quarterly revenue × days, against the median of the eight quarters before
Source: Q1 2026 (receivables and revenue) · Q1 2025 (the same quarter a year earlier)
B08 Adjusted profit = economic profit Insufficient data
no reconciliation table read from the releases yet and fewer than three quarters with both an adjusted and a GAAP EPS
C02 Low net debt = no refinancing risk Triggered severity high · confidence medium
$6.2B of debt comes due within a year against $981M of cash and investments and no free cash flow to add: $5.2B short, to be refinanced or raised. Net debt of $73.5B says nothing about when the debt falls due.
The figures and how they are read
| Cash and investments | $981M |
| Debt | $74.5B |
| Net debt | $73.5B |
| Due within a year | $6.2B |
| Read from | the debt maturity table |
| Free cash flow, twelve months | −$3.5B |
| Cash plus free cash flow | $981M |
| Coverage of what is due | 0.2 |
| Due in the second year | $3.4B |
| Balance sheet date | 2026-03-31 |
due within a year from the maturity table (else the current portion of debt), against cash and investments plus free cash flow over the last twelve months (zero if negative); no credit lines assumed
Source: FY2025 (debt maturities, cash and investments)
What would explain it innocently
- A committed, undrawn credit facility covers the gap (not visible in the balance sheet)
- The notes are routinely rolled over in the commercial-paper or bond market at an investment-grade rating
- Cash held abroad or in subsidiaries can be moved to where the debt is
- A sale of a business or asset already agreed brings the cash
What to look for in the filing
- Undrawn committed facilities and their covenants
- The cost and rating of the refinancing
- Restricted cash and the operating minimum
What would show the trap does not apply
- The 10-K lists an undrawn credit facility that covers the debt due, or the maturity is refinanced before it falls due
- Cash plus FCF of the next quarter exceeds the debt due within a year
Look again: next filing.
D03 EPS growth = profit growth Not triggered confidence high
EPS fell 0% and net income rose 2% in Q1 2026; the share count rose 2.1%: EPS growth follows profit growth.
The figures and how they are read
| Quarter | Q1 2026 |
| Quarter before | Q1 2025 |
| EPS, year before | $1.21 |
| EPS | $1.20 |
| Net income, year before | $1.3B |
| Net income | $1.4B |
| Diluted shares, year before | 1,105.0M shares |
| Diluted shares | 1,128.0M shares |
| EPS growth | -0.4% |
| Net income growth | +1.7% |
| Diluted shares: change | +2.1% |
| eps from profit | $0.02 |
| eps from share count | -$0.03 |
EPS and net income against the same quarter a year earlier; the EPS bridge attributes the change to profit first, then to the share count (the order is fixed and disclosed)
Source: Q1 2026 (net income, diluted shares, EPS) · Q1 2025 (the same quarter a year earlier)
E02 Low P/E at a cyclical peak = undervalued Not triggered confidence medium
Net income of $4.2B is not at a cyclical high against the last eight years (median $4.0B, best $4.7B): the P/E of 24.8× is on a normal year.
The figures and how they are read
| market value | $105.3B |
| net income ttm | $4.2B |
| pe ttm | 24.80 |
| net income median fy | $4.0B |
| pe mid cycle | 26.50 |
| net income peak fy | $4.7B |
| years | FY2018 / 2226.0; FY2019 / 4739.0; FY2020 / 3119.0; FY2021 / 2393.0; FY2022 / 3524.0; FY2023 / 3976.0; FY2024 / 4401.0; FY2025 / 4341.0 |
| down years in window | 3 |
P/E on the trailing twelve months' net income against the P/E on the median net income of the last eight fiscal years (a mid-cycle stand-in); 'at a peak' = this year's profit at or above 90% of the best year and at least 1.3× the median
Source: Q3 2026 (net income, trailing twelve months)
E07 A precise DCF value = the true value To review confidence high
The DCF's point value is 60.84 a share (price 93.34); 98% of it is the terminal value, a number about years no one has seen. Moving wacc by ±1 pt alone takes it from 27.55 to 122.58; across every method the research ran the range is -43 to 309. The value is a range; the decimals are not information.
The figures and how they are read
| dcf value | 60.84 |
| price | 93.34 |
| terminal value share | +97.5% |
| swing by input | WACC / ±1 pt / 27.55 / 122.58; Revenue growth (each year) / ±5 pts / 33.72 / 93.58; Operating margin / ±3 pts / 41.8 / 79.88; Terminal growth / ±0.5 pt / 51.35 / 73.54 |
| range all methods | -43.4; 308.52 |
the DCF's point value against the share of it that is the terminal value and the value at each input moved by one step (growth ±5 pts, WACC ±1 pt, margin ±3 pts …); the range across every method the research ran
Source: 2026-11-08 (valuation research)
What would explain it innocently
- A stable, mature business with a narrow range of outcomes, where the point value is a fair summary
- The inputs that matter most are themselves well known (a regulated return, a long contract)
What to look for in the filing
- Which input you believe differs from the research's and why
- What the price implies for growth (the reverse DCF on the fair-value page)
What would show the trap does not apply
- The DCF's value is robust to the terminal growth and discount rate (the range's low end is still above the price)
- The company's cash flows over the next three years track the DCF's early years
Look again: next filing.
J06 A bank's low P/E and high profit = safe Not applicable
not a bank
J08 A REIT's low net income = the dividend is unsafe Not applicable
not a REIT
What the statuses mean
Triggered: the filings show the pattern; read the normal explanations and the missing evidence before concluding anything. To review: one quarter or a weak signal; a reader's judgement, not a pattern. Not triggered: the pattern is absent on these figures. Insufficient data: the filings read so far do not hold what the rule needs; this is not a clean bill. Not applicable: the rule is not meant for this kind of company (a bank's working capital, a loss-making quarter's EPS growth). Out of date: the latest filing is more than fifteen months old.
Severity is what the pattern could mean for cash, value or solvency; confidence is how reliable the inputs and the reading are. The two are kept apart.
Record a view
A reader's judgement, grounds, what would change it and the next review; kept in the browser (needs JavaScript).
Every rule and the companies it triggers on → Southern: cash flow →
Each rule reads the company's own filings by a fixed formula and says what would explain the same figures innocently. A triggered rule is a question to verify, not a finding of manipulation, and not a view on the stock. Missing data is shown as missing, never as clear. Not investment advice.